PUBLICATIONS BY POPULATION ECOLOGIST OF ANIMALS, PIETER JOHANNES DEN BOER

Pioneer in population ecology of animals Dr. Piet den Boer,  and holder of the word's longest un-interrupted series of records of population data, with the oldest dating back to 1958, now more than 60 and Dr. Hans Reddingius, the population mathematician have very provocative ecological ideas on how nature functions and their views have often been subject to heated debates. 

We at WICE decided to place this entire article on our website, because of the significance for conservation of the idea that stochastic processes are the main causes of survival of species and the sizes of populations in stead of some degree of "balance of nature" are far reaching. In their view, stochastic factors  continuously determine the survival of individual plants and animals, and they see populations in a permanent stage of instability and each population is bound to go locally extinct.  Species can only have survived as a result of the stochastic response of mutation of the DNA and species survival depends on the presence of great genetic variety. In 1968 den Boer, coined the term "spreading of risks", as a biological response to stochastic factors, not as an active strategy but rather as a phenomenon that had developed as a result of the ever changing and unpredictable conditions in the environment.  

There is a great degree of disagreement among ecologists on the issue, but as den Boer & Reddingius may be right, either in part or completely, every  field biologist, wildlife and natural resources manager and professional and amateur conservationist, must be at least be familiar with the concept of stochasticity in wild populations.  In his passion to prove his point, den Boer may sometimes come over a bit strong, but isn't that the privilege of a senior scientist, who has collected data over a longer period of time than any other colleague in the world, and who, as a result has been able to observe tendencies that were overlooked by so many that simply followed what they had learned in highschool and college? Den Boer & Reddingius are pioneers in the truest sense of the word, and their important work should be known to all ecologists in the world, either to build upon the concept or to break it down on the bases of sound scientific analysis and data, and not, as has so often be done, on the base of simple beliefs and dogmas. Therefore, we also placed the complete literature list of Piet den Boer on the website, so that interested readers may study his incredibly challenging and often provocative publications, either to elaborate furthere on the concepts, or in an effort to challenge these viewpoints on the bases that ecosystems are ruled by some kind of mechanism, commonly referred to as the "balance of nature".

LITERATURE LIST

1. Boer. P.J. den & D.A. Vleugel. Ethologische waarnemingen aan een nest van Bombus e. equestris (F.). Tijdschr. Entom. 91: 121-134 (1948/'49). DUTCH 

2. Boer, P.J. den. Iets over het uitkleuren van het haarkleed bij hommels. Kameleon (1948). DUTCH 

3. Boer, P.J. dem. Koekoeksbijen. Natura 1950: 64-66.DUTCH 

4. Boer, P.J. den. Hommeltabel. Uitgave N.J.N. (1950).DUTCH 

5. Boer, P.J. den. Wespentabel. UItgave N.J,N, (1951).DUTCH 

6. Hueck, H.J., D.J. Kuenen, P.J. den Boer & E. Jaeger-Draafsel. The increase of egg production of the fruit tree red spider mite (Metatetranychus ulmi Koch) under the influence of D D T. Phys. Comp. Oec. II: 371-377 (1952). 

7. Boer, P.J. den. On the correlation between the cervical muscles and the structure of the skull in Phasianus colchicus L. and Perdix perdix L. Proc. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. Series C, 56, I: 335-345; II: 455-467; III: 468-473 (1953). 

8. Boer, P.J. den. Hommeltabel, 2de druk. N.J.N. (1954).DUTCH 

9. Vliet, W.F. van, P.J. den Boer & E. Verbrugge. De aantasting van de berken door houtzwammen in het gebied van de Duinwaterleiding van 's Gravenhage. Med. Meijendel Commité No. 2. De Levende Natuur 58: 125-127 (1955).DUTCH 

10. Boer, P.J. den. De vangblikken bij het Meijendel-onderzoek. Med. Meijendel Commité No. 3. De Levende Natuur 59: 51-59 (1956).DUTCH 

11. Boer, P.J. den. De loopkevers van Meijendel. 1. Algemeen. Med. Meijendel Commité No. 5. De Levende Natuur 59: 159-168 (1956).DUTCH 

12. Kuenen, D.J., P.J. den Boer & J. de Melker. Temperature influence on the mortality of Calandra granaria L. (Curcul., Coleopt.) from D D T. Phys. Comp. Oec. IV: 313-329 (1957). 

13. Boer, P.J. den. Natuurwetenschap en Parapsychologie. Tijdschr. Parapsych. 26: 186-198 (1958).DUTCH Vanaf 1958 Mededelingen van het Biologisch Station Wijster. No. Mededelingen B.S. 

14. Boer, P.J. den. Activiteitsperioden van loopkevers in Meijendel. Ent. Ber. 18: 80-89 (1958).DUTCH 

15. Boer, P.J. den. De loopkevers van Meijendel. II. Activiteitsperio­den in 1953. De Lev. Nat. 61: 88-95; 111-115 (1958).DUTCH­ 

16. Boer, P.J. den. Een verwarrende onjuistheid in de Coleoptera Neer­landica 1. Ent. Ber. 21: 41-43 (1961).DUTCH 

17. Boer, P.J. den. Verbreitung von Carabiden und ihr Zusammenhang mit Vegetation und Boden. Biosoziologie, Ber. int. Symp. Stolze­nau/Weser 1960: 172-183 (1965).GERMAN 

18. Boer, P.J. den. Twee nieuwe Amara-soorten (Col., Carabidae) voor de Nederlandse fauna. Ent. Ber. 21: 147-152 (1961).DUTCH 

19. Boer, P.J. den. Hommeltabel. Uitg. Ned. Jeugdb. Nat. studie (N.J.N.), Amsterdam, 3e druk, 28 p. (1960).DUTCH 

20. Boer, P.J. den. The ecological significance of activity patterns in the woodlouse Porcellio scaber Latr. (Isopoda). Thesis. Leiden. Arch. Néerl. Zool. 14: 283-409 (1961). 

21. Boer, P.J. den. Vleugeldimorfisme bij loopkevers als indicator bij zoögeografisch onderzoek. Vakbl. Biol. 42: 110-119 (1962).DUTCH 

22. Boer, P.J. den. Twee nieuwe loopkeversoorten (Col., Carabidae) voor de Nederlandse fauna. Ent. Ber. 62: 88-95 (1962).DUTCH 

23. Boer, P.J. den . Fluctuations in morph frequency in catches of the ground beetle Pterostichus oblongopunctatus F. and its ecologi­cal significance. Paper read at the Int. Conf. on Ecology and Genetics of Natural Snail Populations, Groningen (Zeegse), Dec. 1962, 6+3 p., 14 fig. (private edition), 1967. 

24. Boer, P.J. den. The characters of Amara infima Dfts. (Col., Carabi­dae). Ent. Ber. 23: 85-87 (1963). 

25. Boer, P.J. den. External characters of sibling species Trechus obtusus Er. and T. quadristriatus Schrk. (Coleoptera). Tijdschr. Entom. 108: 219-239 (1965). 

26. 2Boer, P.J. den. Lebeort(Habitat)-Bindung einiger Waldcarabiden in Drente(Holland) in Zusammenhang mit Waldtypus, Boden und Struk­turelementen des Waldes. Paper read at Coenol. Coloq., Zagreb, 9-14 Sept. 1963, 11p., 6 fig. (private edition), 1966.GERMAN 

27. Boer, P.J. den. Risk distribution and stabilization of animal numbers, 17 p., 9 tab., 1 fig. (private edition), 1966. 

28. Boer, P.J. den. De relativiteit van zeldzaamheid. ­ Ent. Ber. 27: 52-60 (1967).DUTCH 

29. Boer, P.J. den. Zoo-ecological research at the Biological Station Wijster (Drenthe). Paper read at summer meeting of British Ecol. Soc. in The Netherlands, August 29-Sept. 4, 1965,11 p., 12 fig. (private edition), 1967. 

30. Boer, P.J. den. Research programm on surface Arthropods at the Biological Station Wijster (Province of Drenthe, The Nether­lands). Med. L.H. Wageningen (1969). 

31. Boer, P.J. den. Zoölogisch onderzoek aan het Biologisch Station te Wijster (Dr.). Ent. Ber. 28: 87-89 (1968).DUTCH 

32. Boer, P.J. den. Spreading of risk and stabilization of animal numbers. Acta Biotheor. 18: 165-194 (1968). 

33. Boer, P.J. den. Zoölogisch onderzoek op het Biologisch Station, Wijster, 1959-1967. Miscell. Papers L.H. Wageningen 2: 161-181 (1968).DUTCH 

34. Boer, P.J. den. On the significance of dispersal power for popula­tions of Carabid beetles (Col., Carabidae). Oecologia 4: 1-28 (1970). 

35. Reddingius, J. & P.J. den Boer. Simulation experiments illustrating stabilization of animal numbers by spreading of risk. Oecologia 5: 240-284 (1970). 

36. Boer, P.J. den & G. Sanders. Structure of vegetation and micro­weather. A preliminary investigation. Misc. Papers L.H. Wage­ningen 6: 33-53 (1970). 

37. Boer, P.J. den. Risico-spreiding en stabilisatie van aantallen (Dutch). Paper read for Ned. Dierk. Ver., 9 Jan. 1970, Nijme­gen. Vakbl. Biol. 50: 250-258 (1970).DUTCH 

38. Boer, P.J. den. On the dispersal power of Carabid beetles and its possible significance. Miscell. Papers L.H. Wageningen 8: 119-137 (1971). 

39. Boer, P.J. den. Stabilization of animal numbers and the heteroge­neity of the environment. In: Proc. Adv. Study Inst. Dynamics Numbers Popul. (Oosterbeek, 1970). P.J. den Boer & G.R. Grad­well (eds.): 77-97. PUDOC, 1971. 

40. Boer, P.J. den. Das Ueberleben von Populationen und Arten und die Bedeutung von Umweltheterogenität. Verh. D. Zool. Ges. 66: 125-136 (1973).GERMAN 

41. Boer, P.J. den. Wat is "het natuurlijk evenwicht"? Vakbl. Biol. 52: 414-420 (1972).DUTCH 

42. Boer, P.J. den. Overleven in een cultuurlandschap. Drenthe, september 1976.DUTCH 

43. Boer, P.J. den. Dispersal power and survival. Carabids in a culti­vated countryside. Miscell. Papers L.H. Wageningen 14, 1977. 

44. Boer, P.J. den. The significance of dispersal power for the surviv­al of species, with special reference to the carabid beetles in a cultivated countryside. Fortschr. Zool. 25: 79-94 (1979). 

45. Boer, P.J. den. Populations of carabid beetles and individual behaviour. General aspects. Miscell. Papers L.H. Wageningen 18: 145-149 (1979). 

46. Boer, P.J. den. The individual behaviour and population dynamics of some carabid beetles of forests. Miscell. Papers L.H. Wage­ningen 18: 151-166 (1979). 

47. Boer, P.J. den. Some remarks in retrospect. Miscell. Papers L.H. Wageningen 18: 213-222 (1979). 

48. Boer, P.J. den, T.H.P. van Huizen, W. den Boer-Daanje, B. Aukema & C.F.M. den Bieman. Wing polymorphism and dimorphism in ground beetles as stages in an evolu­tionary process. Ent. Gen. 6: 107-134 (1980). 

49. Boer, P.J. den. Het overleven van soorten. Een probleem uit de populatiedynamica van insecten. Intermediair 15e jrg. nr. 48: 9-13 (1979).DUTCH 

50. Boer, P.J. den. Exclusion or coexistence and the taxonomic or ecological relationship between species. Neth. J. Zool. 30: 278-306 (1980). 

51. Boer, P.J. den. Evolutie van het vliegvermogen bij carabiden en de gevolgen voor het overleven van soorten. Vakbl. Biol. 61: 122-129 (1981).DUTCH 

52. Boer, P.J. den. Inleiding Methodologie voor populatie-dynamcia van loopkevers. Syllabus 1980.DUTCH 

53. Boer, P.J. den. On the stability of animal populations, or how to survive in a heterogeneous and changeable world? In: D. Mossa­kowski and G. Roth (eds.): Environmental adaptation and evolu­tion: 211-232. Gustav Fischer, 1982. 

54. Boer, P.J. den. On the survival of populations in a heterogeneous and variable environment. Oecologia 50: 39-53 (1981). 

55. Boer, P.J. den. Eilandtheorie. Syllabus 1981.DUTCH 

56. Boer, P.J. den. Oecologische Diergeografie. Dispersie, kolonisatie en extinctie. Syllabus 1981.DUTCH 

57. Boer, P.J. den. How to study complicated processes under simplified conditions? In: Report fourth meeting Eur. Carabidologists (Sept. 1981): 9-18. PUDOC, 1983. 

58. Boer. P.J. den. Introduction. Report fifth meeting Eur. Carabidologists (Sept. 1982). Warsaw Agr. Univ. Press, 9-10. 

59. Boer, P.J. den. Facts, hypotheses and models on the part played by food in the dynamics of carabid populations. Report fifth meeting Eur. Carabidologists (Sept. 1982): 81-96. Warsaw Agr. Univ. Press, 1986. 

60. Boer, P.J. den. Het verschijnsel dispersie. Vakbl. Biol. 63: 310-314 (1983).DUTCH 

61. Boer, P.J. den. An answer to the comment of Roff. Am. Nat. 108: 394-396 (1974). 

62. Boer, P.J. den. In memoriam Carl H. Lindroth. Ent, Ber. 49: 17-18 (1980).DUTCH 

63. Boer, P.J. den. Population dynamics of two Carabid beetles at a Dutch heathland. On the significance of density-related egg production. In: Carabid beetles, their adaptations and dynam­ics, 1986. P.J. den Boer, M.L. Luff, D. Mossakowski & F. Weber (eds.):361-370. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart. 

64. Boer, P.J. den. Wat is de kern van de eiland-theorie? W.L.O.-Med. 10: 167-171 (1983).DUTCH 

65. Boer, P.J. den. De vestigingshypothese: een alternatief voor de eilandtheorie? W.L.O.-Med. 10: 172-178 (1983).DUTCH 

66. Boer, P.J. den. Dispersie als vluchtreactie. Vakbl. Biol. 63: 326-329 (1983).DUTCH 

67. Boer, P.J. den. De betekenis van dispersie voor het overleven van soorten. Vakbl. Biol. 63: 344-348 (1983).DUTCH 

68. Boer, P.J. den. (and co-workers). Entomologisch onderzoek aan het Biologisch Station te Wijster. In: Jaarboek 1983. Ned. Ent. Ver. A'dam. Jan. 1984: 22-36.DUTCH 

69. Boer, P.J. den. Loopkevers. In: T.W.M. Bakker, I.I.Y. Castel, F.H. Everts en N.P.J. de Vries: Het Dwingelderveld, een Drents heidelandschap: 98-100. PUDOC, Wageningen, 1986.DUTCH 

70. Reddingius, J. & P.J. den Boer. On the stabilization of animal numbers. Problems of testing. 1. Power estimates and estimation errors. Oecologia 78: 1-8 (1989). 

71. Boer, P.J. den. What can carabid beetles tell us about dynamics of populations? In: Carabid beetles, their adaptations and dynam­ics, 1986. P.J. den Boer, M.L. Luff, D. Mossakowski & F. Weber (eds.):315-330. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart. 

72. Boer, P.J. den. Density dependence and the stabilization of animal numbers. I. The winter-moth. Oecologia 69: 507-512 (1986). 

73. Boer, P.J. den. Fluctuations of density and survival of carabid populations. Oecologia 67: 322-330 (1985). 

74. Boer, P.J. den. Density limits and survival of local populations in 64 carabid species with different powers of dispersal. J. evol. Biology 3: 19-48 (1990). 

75. Boer, P.J. den. Exclusion, competition or coexistence? A question of testing the right hypotheses. Z. zool. Syst. Evolutions­forsch. 23: 259-274 (1985). 

76. Boer, P.J. den. Populatie-oecologie van dieren: Het voortbestaan van populaties. Syllabus D.B.L. 1985.DUTCH 

77. Boer, P.J. den. Populatie-oecologie van dieren: Het voortbestaan van soorten. Syllabus D.B.L. 1985.DUTCH 

78. Boer, P.J. den. Concluding remarks: Carabids as objects of study. In: Carabid beetles, their adaptations and dynamics, 1986. P.J. den Boer, M.L. Luff, D. Mossakowski & F. Weber (eds.):539-551. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart. 

79. Boer, P.J. den. The present status of the competitive exclusion principle. TREE (Trends in ecology and evolution) 1: 25-28 (1986). 

80. Boer, P.J. den. Density dependence and the stabilization of animal numbers. II. The pine looper. Neth. J. Zool. 37: 220-237 (1987). 

81. Boer, P.J. den. Environmental heterogeneity and the survival of natural populations. Proc. 3rd Eur. Congress Entomology, (Am­sterdam, 1986): 345-356. 

82. Boer, P.J. den. On the turnover of (carabid) populations in chang­ing environments. In: Report sixth meeting Eur. Carabidologists (Sept. 1986). Acta Phytopath. et Entom. Hungarica 22: 71-83 (1987). 

83. Turin, H. & P.J. den Boer. Changes in the distribution of carabid beetles in The Netherlands since 1880. II. Isolation of habi­tats and long term time trends in the occurrence of carabid species with different powers of dispersal (Coleoptera, Carabi­dae). Biol. Cons. 44: 179-200 (1988). 

84. Boer, P.J. den. Comment on "detecting density dependence" by M.P. Hassell. TREE 2: 77 (1987). 

85. Boer, P.J. den. Density dependence and the stabilization of animal numbers. 3. The winter moth reconsidered. Oecologia 75: 161-168 (1988). 

86. Boer, P.J. den. Population survival and fragmentation of habitats. Not publiced. 

87. Boer, P.J. den. Hoeveel leven op een eiland? Natuur & Techniek 56: 438-449 (1988).DUTCH 

88. Boer, P.J. den. The survival value of dispersal in terrestrial arthropods. Biol. Conserv. 54: 175-192 (1990). 

89. Boer, P.J. den. De dynamica van loopkevers als model voor de over­levingsmogelijkheden van populaties en soorten in cultuurland­schappen. In: Biologische diversiteit. IUCN Nederland (1998).DUTCH 

90. Boer, P.J. den & J. Reddingius. On the stabilization of animal numbers. Problems of testing. 2. Confrontation with data from the field. Oecologia 79: 143-149 (1989). 

91. Nelemans, M.N.E., P.J. den Boer & A.J. Spee. Recruitment and summer diapause in the dynamics of a population of Nebria brevicollis (F.) (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Oikos 56: 157-168 (1989). 

92. Boer, P.J. den. Het voortbestaan van insecten, met name loopkevers. Wet. Med. KNNV 192 (Insektenfauna en Natuurbeheer): 25-34 (1989).DUTCH 

93. Boer, P.J. den. Over het toetsen van hypothesen in de oecologie. Syllabus Dispersie en isolatie (Oecologische Diergeografie I). Sept. 1988.DUTCH 

94. Boer, P.J. den. Wat bepaalt de stabiliteit van natuurlijke popula­ties: Regulatie of Risico-spreiding? Not publiced.DUTCH 

95. Boer, P.J. den. Orde of wanorde: Wat is belangrijker voor de stabi­liteit van natuurlijke populaties? Not publiced. DUTCH 

96. Boer, P.J. den. Reaction to J. Latto & C. Bernstein: Regulation in natural insect populations: reality or illusion? Acta Oecologi­ca 11: 131-133 (1990). 

97. Boer, P.J. den. On the stabilization of animal numbers. Problems of testing. 3. What do we conclude from significant test results? Oecologia 83: 38-46 (1990). 

98. Boer, P.J. den. Comment on the article: "On testing temporal niche differentation in carabid beetles" by M. Loreau. Oecologia 81: 97-98 (1989). 

99. Boer, P.J. den & W. den Boer-Daanje. On life history tactics in carabid beetles: are there only spring- and autumn-breeders? In "The role of ground beetles in ecologhical and environmental studies", ed. Nigel E. Stork. Intercept Andover, Hampshire (Proc. 7th meeting of Europ. Carabidol., London), pp. 247-258 (1990). 

100. Boer, P.J. den. Isolatie en Uitsterfkans. De gevolgen van isolatie voor de overleving van arthropoden geïllustreerd aan loopkevers. Landschap 7/2: 

101. Vries, Henk, H. de & Pieter J. den Boer. Survival of populations of Agonum ericeti Panz. (Col., Carabidae) in relation to fragmen­tation of habitats. Neth. J. Zool. 40: 484-498 (1990). 

102. Boer, P.J. den. Seeing the trees for the wood: random walks or bounded fluctuations of population size? Oecologia 86: 484-491 (1991). 

103. Boer, P.J. den. Estimating the survival time of populations. Paper read at Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), Balboa (Panama), Jan. 15, 1991. 

104. Boer, P.J. den. The evolution of flight capacity and its conse­quences for the survival of species. Balboa (Panama), Jan. 1991. 

105. Turin, H., K. Alders, P.J. den Boer, S. van Essen, Th. Heijermans, W. Laane & E. Penterman. Ecological characterization of carabid species (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in The Netherlands from thirty years of pitfall sampling. I Classification of the species. Tijdschr. Entom. 134: 279-304 (1991). 

106. Boer, P.J. den. On a crucial problem of nature conservation: how many years can we expect a population to survive? Not publiced 

107. Dijk, Th. S. van & P.J. den Boer. The life histories and population dynamics of two carabid species at a Dutch heathland. 1. Fecun­dity and mortality of immature stages. Oecologia 90: 340-352 (1992). 

108. Boer, P.J. den. Het bos als woonplaats voor insekten en andere ongewervelde dieren. Ned. Bosbouwtijdschr. 63: 321-325 (1991).DUTCH 

109. Boer, Piet J. den, Jan Szyszko, Rikjan Vermeulen. Spreading of the risk of extinction by genetic diversity in populations of the carabid beetle Pterostichus oblongopunctatus F. (Col., Carabi­dae). Neth J. Zool. 43: 242-259 (1993). 

110. Boer, P.J. den. Are the fluctuations of animal numbers regulated or stabilized by spreading of risk? paper read at the conference on 'Population dynamics' in Smolarnia (Poland), 9-15 september 1992. Proceedings 'Dynamics of populations' by P.J. den Boer, P.J.M. Mols & J. Szyszko (eds): 23-28. Warsaw, 1993. 

111. Boer, P.J. den & Th. S. van Dijk. Carabid beetles in a changing environment.Wageningen Agric. Univ. Papers 94 (6): 1-30 (1994). 

112. Vermeulen, Rikjan, Tim Versteeg & Piet den Boer. A simulation study on the dispersal of carabid beetles in heathy corridors. Not publiced. 

113. Szyszko,J., H.J.W. Vermeulen & P.J. den Boer. Survival and repro­duction in relation to habitat quality and food availability for Pterostichus oblongopunctatus F. (Carabidae, Col.). In: Arthropod natural enemies in arable land II by Kees Booij & Loes den Nijs (eds). Acta Jutlandica 71:2, 25-40 (1996). 

114. Boer, P.J. den & Th.S. van Dijk. Life-history patterns among carabid species. Tijdschr. v. Entom. 139: 1-16 (1996). 

115. Boer, Pieter J, den & Joannes Reddingius. Regulation and stabilization. Paradigms in population ecology. Chapman & Hall, London, 395 pp. (september 1996), 

116. Vries, H.H. de, P.J. den Boer & Th.S. van Dijk. Ground beetle species in heathland fragments in relation to survival, dispersal, and habitat preference. Oecologia 107: 332-342 (1996). 

117. Boer, P.J. den, The role of density-independent factors in the stabilization of insect numbers. Paper read at the Symposium of the Royal Entomological Society (RES) in Newcastle, 10 september 1997. In: Insect populations in theory and in practice by J.P. Dempster & I.F.G. McLean (eds): 53-80 (1998). Kluwer Academ. Publ., Dordrecht. 

118. Boer, P.J. den & Th.S. van Dijk. The relevance of life-history theory for carabid species of Western Europe. Proceedings of XX. Internat. Congres of Entomology, Firenze, augustus 1996. In: Population and community ecology for insect management and conservation, by Johann Baumgartner, Pietro Brandmayr & Bryan F.L. Manly (eds): 193-203 (1998). A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Brookfield. Biological Station closed, no longer communications B.S. 

119. Boer, P.J. den & Th.S. van Dijk. Life-history patterns among Carabid beetles. Tijdschr. Entom. 139: 1-16 (1996). 

120. Boer, P.J. den. Natural selection; or the non-survival of the non-fit. Acta Biotheor. 47: 83-97 (1999). 

121. Boer, P.J. den. The gamble of life. Spreading of risk in nature and the survival of animal populations. Not publiced. 

122. Vermeulen, Rikjan & Piet den Boer. Verbindingen voor plant en dier. De Levende Natuur, jan. 1999.DUTCH 

123. Boer, Piet den & Rikjan Vermeulen. Loopkevers als bio-indicatoren. Not publiced. DUTCH 

124. Boer, Piet den & Rikjan Vermeulen. Hoe kwetsbaar is deze populatie? Not publiced.DUTCH 125. Boer, P.J. den. Carabid beetles, a master model for population dynamics. Paper read at Xth European Carabidologists Meeting, Tuczno (Poland), 2001.

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NATURE DU MONDE est le site Web officiel du World Institute for Conservation and Environment, WICE, C'est une collection intégrée de sites web qui traitent avec des sujets différents sur nature, conservation de la nature et gestion des ressources naturelles. Lisez ici pourquoi nous avons créé Nature de Monde. Notre Methodologie explique comme nous avons produit nos renseignements. Notre Site Map vous aide trouver votre entrée dans le site web. Beaucoup de plaisir!

NATURALEZA DEL MUNDO es la página Web oficial del World Institute for Conservation and Environment, WICE, Es una red de páginas Web tratando de temas diferentes relacionados a la naturaleza, la conservación el manejo de recursos naturales, parques nacionales y áreas protegidas. Lea aqui porqué hicimos Naturaleza del Mundo. Nuestra Methodología explica como produjimos la información. Nuestro Mapa del sitio le ayuda encontrar su información en nuestra página web. Disfrute! 

NATUREZA DO MUNDO é o Web site oficial do World Institute for Conservation and Environment, WICE, Es uma red de páginas Web tratando de temas diferentes relacionados à natureza, la conservação el manejo de recursos naturaleiss, parques nacionais y áreas protegidas. Lea aqui porqué creamos Natureza do Mundo. Nossa Methodología explica como produjimos a informação. Nosso Mapa do sitio le ayuda encontrar sua informação no web site. Desfrute!

NATUR DER GANZEN WELT ist, die offiziellen Website der World Institute for Conservation and Environment, WICE. Es ist ein einheitliches Netzwerk von Web Sites, über Themen wie Natur, Natur-Schutz und natürlichem Ressourcen Quellen Hege. Lesen Sie hier warum wir Natur der ganzen Welt gemacht haben. Unsere Verfahrensweise erklärt, wie wir unsere Informationen produziert würde. Unsere Site Map  hilft Ihnen Ihren Weg im Website zu finden. Viel Spaß!

NATUUR UIT ALLE STREKEN is, de officiële Website van het World Institute for Conservation and Environment, WICE. Het is een geïntegreerd Netwerk van websites, over Natuur, Natuurbescherming en het beheer van natuurlijke hulpbronnen. Lesen Sie hier warum wir Natuur uit alle Streken gemacht haben. Onze pagina Methode legt uit, hoe we onze informatie vergaarden. Onze Site Map helpt u op weg door onze website. 

WICE is a worldwide non-government non-profit organization that contributes to the conservation of nature. While it works on a many issues related to the conservation of nature and the protection of the environment, it is particularly committed to the conservation of national parks and other protected areas.

WICE - USA office:                            

1639 Steamboat Run Road

Shepherdstown, WV25443, USA

Please read the disclaimer. 

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